Introduction:

Canada has long been a destination of choice for immigrants and international students due to its reputation for high-quality education, a welcoming society, and multiple immigration pathways. With plans to welcome 485,000 new permanent residents in 2024, increasing to 500,000 by 2025, the country remains a top choice for those seeking a better life. However, recent changes to study permit regulations have raised concerns, particularly among Indian students, who represent the largest group of international students.

While these new regulations aim to maintain the integrity of Canada’s immigration system, they introduce both challenges and opportunities for international students. Before diving into the specifics, let’s explore the broader pros and cons of living in Canada.

Advantages and Considerations of Living in Canada

Advantages of Living in Canada:

• Beautiful and Diverse Landscapes: From majestic mountains to vast prairies, serene lakes to dense forests, Canada’s natural beauty is unparalleled.
• Top-Tier Healthcare and Education: Canada’s universal healthcare system and strong public education provide peace of mind and great opportunities for families.
• High Quality of Life: A stable economy, low crime rates, and robust social services contribute to a high standard of living.
• Multicultural Society: Canada’s embrace of diversity means people from all over the world can feel at home.
• Abundant Recreational Activities: Whether you enjoy camping, skiing, or boating, Canada offers endless opportunities for outdoor adventures.

Considerations of Living in Canada:

• Cold Winters: The winter season can be long and harsh in many parts of the country.
• High Cost of Living: Major cities like Toronto and Vancouver can be expensive places to live.
• Work Limitations: Recent regulations on work hours for students can present financial challenges.
• Complex Immigration Process: While Canada is welcoming, navigating the immigration system can be intricate and time-consuming.

Canada’s Immigration Pathways: A Road to Permanent Residency

Canada offers multiple routes to permanent residency, making it an attractive option for students and immigrants alike. The government aims to welcome 485,000 new permanent residents in 2024, increasing to 500,000 by 2025. Popular immigration pathways include:

1. Express Entry:
   Canada’s fastest immigration program allows candidates to gain permanent residence within six months. Costs are around CAD 2,300 for singles and CAD 4,500 for couples.
2. Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs):
   PNPs are tailored by each province to meet specific labor needs. Canada plans to admit 117,500 immigrants through PNPs by 2025.
3. Family Sponsorship:
   In 2024, Canada plans to admit 105,000 permanent residents through family sponsorship.

While these pathways offer opportunities, many students start with temporary student visas. Recent changes in study permits have added challenges for those transitioning to permanent residency.

Study Permit Revisions: New Regulations and Their Impact

Canada’s revised study permit regulations aim to maintain system integrity and support international students. Key changes include:

1. Increase in the Cost-of-Living Fund Requirement:
   As of January 2024, students must show CAD 20,635 in their bank accounts—double the previous requirement. This ensures students have adequate financial resources.
2. Off-Campus Working Hours:
   As of May 2024, students can work 24 hours per week off-campus. While this is an increase from pre-pandemic rules, it falls short of the unlimited hours allowed during the pandemic.
3. Cap on Inflow of International Students:
   Canada capped the number of study permits at 360,000 in 2024, reducing strain on housing and healthcare systems.
4. Restriction on Post-Graduate Work Permits (PGWP):
   From September 2024, students in certain programs will no longer be eligible for PGWPs.

Post-Graduation Work Permits (PGWP) and Pathways to Permanent Residency

For many students, the PGWP is crucial for transitioning from student to permanent resident. Most foreign nationals require a work permit, either closed (tied to a specific employer) or open (allowing work for any employer). Open permits are often granted to recent graduates and spouses.

Eligibility typically requires proof of intent to leave Canada after the permit expires, sufficient financial support, and no criminal or medical inadmissibility. Work experience gained during the PGWP can significantly boost chances of securing permanent residency through the Canadian Experience Class (CEC) under Express Entry.

The Student Experience: Financial and Social Challenges

For many Indian students, the new work-hour limits and increased financial requirements have introduced additional pressures. As of June 2024, India contributed over 1 lakh students to Canada. Many rely on part-time jobs to meet expenses, and the 24-hour work cap has made it harder to manage costs in expensive cities like Toronto and Vancouver.

Protests among Indian students reflect growing frustration with the reinstated work-hour limits and financial challenges posed by the new regulations.

Final Thoughts

Canada’s revisions to its study permit and work permit regulations reflect the country’s effort to balance immigration with labor market needs while ensuring system integrity. Though these changes pose challenges for international students, particularly from India, Canada remains an attractive destination for education, work, and residency.

By understanding the evolving landscape, students can plan effectively and take advantage of the opportunities Canada provides. With careful planning, international students can continue to thrive in Canada and build bright futures within its borders.